Causes of Stomach Pain During Pregnancy and When to Seek Help

Experiencing stomach pain during pregnancy is common, but it can sometimes indicate a serious health issue. Many expectant mothers feel discomfort due to natural body changes, such as a growing uterus, hormonal shifts, or mild ligament pain. However, there are instances where stomach ache during pregnancy could be a sign of an underlying problem that requires medical attention.

Understanding the causes of stomach pain in pregnancy can help expectant mothers differentiate between normal discomforts and more serious conditions that may require immediate care.

Common causes of stomach pain during pregnancy

Mild abdominal cramps during pregnancy often result from natural changes in the body. One of the first causes is implantation, which occurs between the second and sixth weeks of pregnancy. During this time, the fertilized egg attaches itself to the uterine wall, causing a sensation similar to menstrual cramps. Implantation is essential for the fetus to grow properly within the womb.

Another common cause is hormonal fluctuations. The body undergoes significant hormonal changes during pregnancy, which can affect digestion, muscle function, and overall comfort. These changes may lead to bloating, mild cramps, or occasional discomfort but are generally not a cause for concern.

What kinds of pregnancy pains and discomforts are normal to expect

Pregnancy brings several types of discomfort, many of which are normal and do not indicate a serious problem.

One common type of pain is round ligament pain, caused by the stretching of the ligaments that support the uterus. This sharp or stabbing pain often occurs when changing positions quickly or standing up. It is a temporary and harmless condition.

Another normal discomfort is Braxton Hicks contractions, which feel like tightening in the abdomen and typically occur in the second or third trimester. These contractions are irregular and mild, and they usually subside with rest or a warm bath. Unlike real labor contractions, Braxton Hicks contractions do not increase in intensity or frequency.

Some women also experience constipation during pregnancy, which can cause bloating and stomach cramps. Pregnancy hormones slow down digestion, and the expanding uterus puts pressure on the intestines. Drinking plenty of water, eating fiber-rich foods, and engaging in light exercise can help alleviate this discomfort.

While these symptoms may be uncomfortable, they are typically not harmful to the mother or the baby. However, if stomach pain becomes severe or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, medical attention may be necessary.

Possible causes of serious stomach pain

Not all stomach pain during pregnancy is harmless. Some conditions require immediate medical care, as they can pose risks to both the mother and the baby.

One serious condition is HELLP syndrome, which occurs due to hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count. It usually develops in the third trimester and causes pain in the upper right side of the abdomen. If left untreated, HELLP syndrome can lead to complications, including preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia is another condition that can cause abdominal pain, especially if it is accompanied by high blood pressure, swelling, and excessive protein in the urine. This condition can affect internal organs and, in severe cases, impact the placenta, leading to potential birth complications.

Another potential cause of stomach pain is ectopic pregnancy, where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, often in the fallopian tube. This condition is life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms include sharp abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and dizziness.

Preterm labor can also cause abdominal cramps during pregnancy. If contractions become regular before the 37th week, along with back pain and changes in vaginal discharge, it could be a sign of premature labor. Contact your GP or maternity unit immediately if these symptoms occur.

Constipation in pregnancy and how to manage it

Constipation is a common issue that many women experience during pregnancy. Hormonal changes slow digestion, while the growing uterus adds pressure to the intestines. This can lead to infrequent bowel movements, bloating, and stomach discomfort.

To manage constipation, increase fiber intake by eating fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Drinking plenty of water and engaging in light physical activity can also help improve digestion. If constipation persists, consult a doctor before using any laxatives or medications.

When to seek medical care for stomach pain during pregnancy

While mild stomach pain in pregnancy is normal, there are situations where medical attention is necessary. Contact your GP or visit a maternity unit if stomach pain is severe, persistent, or accompanied by symptoms such as heavy vaginal bleeding, dizziness, fever, or difficulty breathing.

Additionally, urinary tract infections can cause lower abdominal pain and discomfort during pregnancy. If symptoms include a burning sensation while urinating or cloudy urine, seek medical help to prevent further complications.

How to take care of your health during pregnancy

Understanding the difference between normal pregnancy discomforts and serious medical conditions can help expectant mothers navigate their journey with confidence. Paying attention to body signals, staying hydrated, and maintaining a healthy diet can minimize mild pregnancy discomforts.

If any symptoms raise concerns, do not hesitate to contact your GP for further evaluation. Early detection and treatment can help prevent complications and ensure a healthier pregnancy for both mother and baby.